LO2, Task 2 Improvment sheet

What I need to do

LO1, Task 2 - Analysis (improvements in bold/ different colour) FINISHED

LO2, Task 3: Audiences (age, gender, lifestyle, spending power)- FINSHED

LO3, Task 4- Distribution- FINISHED

LO4, Task 5- BBFC, ASA- NEED TO COMPLETE

LO4, Task 5 Legal and Ethical notes

-The impact/ affect of our film on the audience
- Legal issues the film has to address, for example copyright permissions for soundtrack and music
- Who certifies films- BBFC  (British Board of film classification) and ASA (Advertising Standards Authority)


This task is worth a Merit

Learning outcomes
To apply knowledge of audience theories (active/ passive to your film)
To apply basic knowledge of representation to your film
To apply "legal" and "ethical" analysis to your film
To apply relevant regulatory bodies to your film and film marketing (BBFC/ASA)

a) The products impact and effect on the audience

Active audience or a passive audience member

Passive audience-
1. Hypodermic syring model (Theodore Adorno, 1930's)- media has negative impact. Mass audience believe everything they see/hear- the media inject a passive audience with negative messages and value.e. they copy what they see. For example
Issues about violence- atogonist Cal slapping Rose
Issues about sexual content
Issue about representation- How women and lower class citizens
Positive impact/role models

Active audience
They question what they see, doesn't copy what they see in media products
2. Gauntlett- we are able to filter and adapt to content in media


b) relevant issues of representation

Stereotypes represented in my film. All representations are mediated (Hall, 1980)
Stereotypes / counter type (Perkins, 1979). Not all stereotypes are negative
Representation of women- are they objectified (Mulvey 1975). Representation of men (Earp and Katz, 1999)- "equation of masculinity with pathological control and violence".
Representation of gay people (Butler, 1993)- are they stereotypical.

1. Women- Mulvey 1975
2. Men- (Earp and Katz, 1999) Equation of masculinity with pathological control and violence 
3. Alvarado (1987)- ethnicity "exotic, dangerous, humorous, pitied'. 

c) relevant legal and/or ethical issues
d) role of relevant regulatory bodies


Legal and ethical

Legal- Copyright infringement- main worry in film industry illegal downloading
use if content (soundtrack) without permission from creator
consequence of this is being fined/sued
Ethical- offensive material? Sensationalism? Censorship- has the film been censored?
racism, representation of people, language, drug use, sexual reference,
age, religious
sensationalism - graphic, dramatic
Censored- re-edit, taken out, removed due to content

LO4, Task 5: Legal, ethical and regulatory issues

Introduction 

Hello guys I'm back for my last video on Ethical Legal and Regulatory issues. In this video we will be learning about what 20th Century Fox will have had to check and get permission for in the making of Titanic. We are also be looking at two big companies BBFC and ASA, but we shall come to that later.

Audience Effects

Theodore Adorno 1930 came up with the theory of Hypodermic syringe, yes I know big word. This basically means how the media inject negative values and messages into audiences mind that could influence them to copy actions that have been involved in the film. This can include violence, sexual content, representation, positive impacts/role models. A passive audience links to Theodore Adorno 1930 theory of Hypodermic syringe, as a passive audience is said to be influenced by the medias negative messages from their products. Where as a active audience is the opposite of a passive audience. A active audience, links to Gauntlett 2000 of where the audience doesn't copy what they see in the media product, the question it instead. Gauntlett said we are able to filter and adapt to content to content in media, rather than be influenced by it. Titanic has a negative impact on the audience in the scene where the antagonist Cal slaps Rose for being unfaithful towards him; this is what's detonated in the scene, due to the fact he is a male in a higher class, which links to the theory of binary opposition men vs women. This might influence men to become controlling towards there wives/girlfriends as they feel the should be controlling and dominant over women, having the mind set to be abusive towards them as shown in the film. Another example of negative impact in Titanic is  sexual content. Jack and Rose are having sexual intercourse; however they are tress passing in some ones car on the ship. How this influences others is it can be connoted as quite adventurous making people want to experiment sex in different places that may be tress passing. Titanic has a positive impact on the audience as it signifies how different social classes such a lower and higher doesn't stop people falling in love with each other, it actually creates a stronger connection between the two. It links to representation of class and stereotypes of how  people should be with people in the same social class, especially in the era Titanic was set in. How Rose and Jack fight for each other despite the verbal abuse they get from others creates a positive impact on the audience. Another positive impact on Titanic is Jack as he is considered the role model as he is the protagonist. Carl Rodgers 1980 Jack is the hero of Titanic as he teaches Rose how to have fun in life and to get out the of the social class, which she is stuck in. 

Representation 

Representation means how people are classified into different categories. Stuart Hall 1980 spoke about 'Mediation' where stereotypes are set upon purpose. Tessa Perkins 1979 spoke about stereotypes and countertypes. Stereotypes were how people are classified, for example teenagers are rebels, rude and disrespectful, where as countertypes are the opposite to stereotypes. A countertype challenges stereotypes, for example a teenager who works hard, well mannered and respectful to others. A negative stereotype in Titanic is a typical higher class male, as they were seen as the powerful and dominant sex and a predator. In the film Cal the antagonist is a perfect example of stereotypes for men as his character is violent, rude, powerful and masculine. He links with Earp and Katz 1999 theory of representation of men as he is very controlling over Rose as he feels more dominant over her and uses her as a possession, as well as being violent towards her. Titanic doesn't have many positive stereotypes due to the fact the time Titanic was set in, society was very discriminated and stereotypical so therefore the film Titanic would have needed to follow this in order to make the narrative realistic. There is in a way a countertype in Titanic, which is the protagonist Jack. As Jack is in a lower social class then Cal he should stereotypically be intimidated by him and obey his order when he is told to stay away from Rose. However in Titanic Jack is very careless with his actions and disobeys Cal's orders and Rose and Jack fall in love with each throughout spending time with each other. This challenges stereotypes as we see that Jack is not threatened by higher class citizen creating a whole new representation of him. Another countertype is when Rose talks back to Cal, as in the ear Titanic was set in, this was seen forbidden. An example of how stereotyping has been included in the film Titanic is when Cal assaults Rose, the reason this is an example of a stereotype is because the man is in control and has been portrayed to be dominant over Rose due to her sex.

Legal and Ethical Issues

 Copyright infringement is the use of content in a film, such as soundtrack and brands. Titanic's sound track "My heart will go on" sung by  artist Celine Dion.; It was recorded on May 22nd, 1997 at Wallyworld, The Hit Factory and was released on December 8th 1997. It was composed by James Horner, lyrics were written by Will Jennings, produced by Walter Afranasieff and Simon Franglen and the record label company is Columbia and Epic. 20th Century Fox would've contacted Columbia and Epic for permission for this soundtrack, which would have cost a lot of money and a reference is added on the credits of Titanic. The soundtrack was very popular as it appeals to the masses due to being a love song, also it is appropriate for 12 years old. Ethical issues involved in Titanic is sex reference and strong language, which is viewed as offensive material. A denotation of sexual content in the film is where Jack and Rose have sexual intercourse in a car on the ship. This can come across offensive as BBFC age certification gave the film Titanic a 12 due to nudity, but can be seen as inappropriate for a younger audience as they may not understand the content in it; however the sexual content isn't explicit it gives us a suggestion that a sex scene is in the process. Strong language is carried throughout Titanic, which can be offensive to age groups, but as well as religions as the can see this as sinful. An example from my film of profanity is the scene where Rose used a hand gesture and flips Cal bodyguard after chasing them, it signifies how Jack has changed her from a posh well mannered woman to a laid back fun person. The reason why this is appropriate to the certified age group is because this is the only offensive gesture used in the film.  

BBFC

 

BBFC are British Board of film certification. The age rating they certified Titanic is 12, due to subtle sexual content and violence and suitable language that is involved in the film. The age rating for Titanic trailer first is a PG film as it sexual reference, violence and strong language is taken out of the trailer as it more promoted the genre of romance in the film The rating to watch the actual film is a  12 and is currently a 12 certified film. It is more appropriate and suitable for a 12 year old as they will be able to understand the content and story line more efficiently, making the film more enjoyable. The age rating for Titanic is the same in the UK and USA; however the USA is usually higher with other films as parents have a main role in the age ratings. The film does well to keep in with the BBFC guidelines that they set for them, as Titanic is a 12 this means the film must have discreet and brief sex content, which Titanic has as it suggest that Rose and Jack have had sexual intercourse but it doesn't actually show this. Violence is allowed in a 12; however it must not be detailed, which it isn't it Titanic as we only see Cal slap Rose and Cal trying to shoot Rose and Jack. In terms of behaviour and drugs, Titanic stays within the guidelines for a 12 as there is only some bad language throughout the film and there isn't any misuse of drugs that may offended they age range.

ASA

ASA are advertising codes they lay down rules for advertisers, agencies and media owners to follow. They give out basic rules for advertising.

This first Poster released for Titanic was very misleading, as it connoted hard core action genre, which the film isn't about. It is showed to be a documentary of the history behind the sinking of Titanic, filled with action and horror; however the film is obviously a romance adventure genre and the current poster connotes and reinforce these genres more efficiently, stopping the misleading of the narrative of the film, Titanic.

OLD POSTER                                                                                        NEW POSTER

The typography on this poster is very bulky,                        
which connotes the genre of an action film, as
well as documentary. The colour scheme is very
hard and bold to appeal to a male audience. From
this poster we can see that it misleading the audience
as it doesn't reinforce the genre of love.

Whereas on this poster the actors body language connotes love and connection, which connotes love, making it appeal to a female audience. This is the current poster for the film Titanic as it isn't misleading advertisement of the film.

LO3, Task 3: Distribution and Advertising

Introduction 

Hey guys its me again and I'm here with lesson 4 Distribution channels. I will be talking to you about how the film Titanic was promoted, advertised and distributed by 20th Century Fox. We have previously discussed that 20th Century Fox is a conglomerate, which means a huge company made up of smaller/other companies called subsidiaries, just in case you forgot!  20th Century Fox use vertical integration as they are a successful conglomerate so there subsidisers help distribute their media products for them. 

                      

Distribution 

The term distribution means getting products, in this case the film Titanic, to an audience in order to make profit. 20th Century Fox produced Titanic and as they are a conglomerate they use vertical integration, which means the ability to control the distribution and exchange for a media product through their subsidiaries. As the target audience for Titanic is mass/international it was distributed to many cinemas worldwide when it was first advertised by 20th Century Fox. Distribution for Titanic has been impacted by technological convergence; this key word means the state of the coming together of things to create one thing, multifunctional product. For example you can watch the film Titanic on an iPad as you can illegally download it (Ahdaf); however you can also use an iPad as a camera, microphone and music player. You can also download the film Titanic through the Apple store onto your device. This is the advantage of technological convergence as it means you don't need to by other devices, which makes it cheaper. The effect of convergence is web 2.0 as we can interact with people worldwide, which makes it easier. Titanic has also been distributed through Sky streamline box, Now TV, which you can find in the genre section of romance or simply just search for it in the tab box. Now TV is a form of converged technology as it acts as a streamline for films but you can also access the internet through it via YouTube and Facebook. As Sky and 20^th Century Fox are both subsidiaries of 21^st Century Fox it will have made it cheaper to put Titanic on Sky’s Now TV due to the integration. Another way Titanic has been distributed is by DVD and Blu-ray which you can play on a DVD player, or blue-Ray can be played on PlayStation 3, 4 and Xbox 360. This helps get the film to a mass audience. Titanic budget was estimated $200 million and made a profit of $1.84 billion in terms of revenue; however then released a 3D Titanic on the 4^th April 2012 which earn an additional $343.6 million which push the films worldwide total to $2.18 billion. Cinemas worldwide made a profit of $376.4 in ticket sales. The film Titanic got over 10 million views on YouTube for the official film, which shows us that distribution and marketing was successful.

Advertising 

Advertising and promoting a film is ways in which you make it appeal to your target audience, before its release date. Ways in which a film can be advertise is on adverts, including adverts advertised in cinemas. This way, whilst watching TV film trailers are shown so that you don't miss them. A good way cinemas promote new film is depending on the genre of film you are about to watch in the cinema, for example if you are at the cinema about to watch a romance new films that fall into that specific genre will be advertised on that screen as it is advertised to a specific target audience, helping it to get views. As Titanic was released before 2011 when promoted in cinemas it will have been processed by a film reel which is an example of analogue media which is old media. Titanic will have been promoted in all most all cinemas worldwide as it’s targeted at an international audience. Ticket sales in cinemas worldwide collected $376.4 million in terms of revenue. Another example of how Titanic advertised the film was by posters, which is another example of old media. Here is an image of the first poster they created for the film Titanic. The whole image including typography and colour scheme is very masculine and connotes action and danger, which appeals to a male audience; however this isn’t a reinforcing the genre and storyline of Titanic as it is a romance film. Whereas the current poster for Titanic is well more suited for the actual film as we see the two main holding each other with passion and affection, as well the front of the ship is featured where Jack and Rose fall in love to appeal to a female audience. The billboards/ posters will have been distributed in huge cities such as New York, London and Paris, as well in shopping centres and buses so that a mass audience will be attracted and appealed by it; this helps to promote the film. As 20^th century fox is a subsidiary of 21^st Century Fox they both have lots of subsidiaries which would have helped distribute the film Titanic to a mass audience which is an example of cross media ownership. A positive review made on Titanic is by Roger Elbert giving titanic a star rating of 4 out of 5. This helps to advertise the film Titanic as the audience are seeing through web 2.0 positive and high rating of the film by other people making it appeal to others. Web 2.0 also helps to advertise on more platforms gaining the film Titanic a wider audience, as it is now on YouTube, which is another way to watch films. 

 

So I hope that has helped you learn in depth about how successful the distribution and marketing of Titanic was. Join me in my next lesson of Legal and Ethical issues of the making of Titanic.

LO2, Task 3 Theory

Laura Mulvey (1975)- male gaze sex objects

John Berger (1972) "men act, women appear"

Claude Levi Strauss (1958) "binary opposition"- gender

Todorov- narrative stage the example appears in

Carl Rogers (1980) Ideal self/ ideal partner

Richard Dyes (1972) "star personae"- protagonist, how successful the actors are. Personality types
type cast-

Tutor feedback for LO1, Task 2

Demographic summary

NRS stands for National Readership Survey

Lifestyle is what you do with your life such as, hobbies and employment.

Spending power is the disposable income that allows people to spend money on products.

LO2, Task 3: Audience

Lauren Baxter

Introduction

Hello everyone, it's Lauren again from Education wise on lesson three, which is all about target audience. Ien Ang and John Hartley discussed how in pre-production there should be an imagery entity must be created, so that they can see what the audience interests and lifestyle are to make their film appealing to their audience. This is important to producers as it gives them an idea of what their target audience interest are so that they can work with them within the film. The target audience for Titanic is mainly females as it links to Kate Domaille's theory of narrative type- Romeo and Juliet.

Gender

An example from Titanic that is appealing to a female audience is where Jack and Rose fall in love. The denotations of this scene is where Jack takes Rose to a lower class party, filled with alcohol, upbeat jazzy music and dancing. They first had a fancy meal with Roses upper class family, which really communicates the difference between the two classes. This links to Claude Levi theory of binary opposition, upper class vs lower class. The reason why it appeals to a female audience is because its the moment where Jack and Rose start to fall in love with each other, which will make the audience fall in love with their relationship. Titanic is a perfect example for Richard Dyer (1972) theory of "Star persona" as Leonardo DiCaprio who plays Jack the protagonist, personality is love films and this particular scene connotes love and passion. He is stereotyped to be a beautiful man with blonde and blue eyes to make the audience fall in love with him. Another example in the film Titanic that signifies that its' target audience is female is where Jack is seen/known as being the hero for saving Rose. The denotations of this scene is where Rose is wanting to kill herself due to the society she lives in, she steps over the railings on the ship leaning over to jump off. Fortunately Jack is there and persuades her to come back over the railing; however she trips and is dangling over the ship with Jack trying to pull her up. This connotes fear, trust and panic. The famous line is said in this scene "I wont let go", which is foreshadowed throughout the film. This is appealing to a female audience as it shows how Jack is a hero, linking to carl Rogers theory (1980) of ideal partners as the love connoted by Jack makes him attractive. This influences women who want to be saved by a loved one. At the disequilibrium part in Titanic there is a scene where a male audience would be intrigued is where the genre action becomes more involved. The denotation of this scene is where Carl the antagonist tries to kill Rose and Jack, out of jealousy. A male audience would be appealed by this as it is full of action and movement creating adrenalin and spectacle to the film. Another part of Titanic where a male audience would be intrigued by is where the ship crashes an Ice burg and starts to sink. This is appealing to males as it makes them question the technical side of it such as "How did they make the crash look so realistic?". It is also filled with action as the "unsinkable" ship is sinking into the Atlantic sea, which connotes fear, panic and distress.

  

Age 

Titanic is filled with love and romance, which links to the genre of the film. The denotations of a love scene is where Jack takes Rose to the end of ships and holds here close where she is "On top of the world", love, companionship and comfort. This links to Carl Rodgers theory (1980) of ideal partners as we see Jack as this amazing person who a audience would see themselves with. This is relatable to age grouping in Titanic of 18 as Jack and Rose are around this age and it is a suitable age to fall in love with someone. There is also violence and gore involved in Titanic, for example where the antagonist Carl slaps Rose for being a bad finance as she has been seeing jack. This links to theory of binary opposition men vs women as Carl feels like he has more power and dominance over Rose due to the fact he's a man. This creates spectacle to the film which 18 years olds will be intrigued by. Another example of why Titanic is targeted at 18 year olds is sex and nudity throughout the film. The denotations of this is where Jack draws Rose naked, she lies on the couch where you can see her breast. The connotations of this scene is love, natural and passion. This is suitable to a 18 year old as they may relate it to their personal love life. Profanity is used in Titanic, Rose uses a hand gesture through the elevator window to a man who is chasing her and Jack around the ship, this is what is denoted in this scene. The reason why it is appropriate for a 18 year old is that under 18s could be influenced to do these actions to people, where as a 18 year old are more mature about the situations. A final example on why Titanic is targeted to 18 year olds is due to the fact it is educational to the audience, as well it will also be educational to a younger audience too. However an 18 and over will understand the context and the history behind Titanic as it is set in 1912. They will be able to see why there is binary opposition involved such as men vs women and higher class vs lower class, as the time Titanic happened there was social issues making the film more understandable. 

                                

  Lifestyle 

The lifestyles I have chosen are Settled Suburban's, Nest Builders and Urban Venture. NRS stands for National Readership Survey, what they do is look into lifestyle and spending power demographics and place certain people in categories. The lifestyle categories I have chosen for Titanic is Settled Suburban's. I have chosen this because of the history behind Titanic which is intriguing to a older audience (30-40), also for women the love between Jack and Rose is very intense and interesting making it appealing to them. An example of the genre of romance in Titanic is the sex scene between Jack and Rose where they make love. Hobbies including dinning would reflect a Settled Suburban audience as this would be a social hobby they would do frequently, which is included in Titanic. Another hobby a Settled Suburban audience does that is reinforced in the film is travelling, as the age group will be able to afford grand relaxing holidays which at first is connoted through the film. Urban Ventures will also be appealed by Titanic, as according to Richard Dyer (1972) theory of "Star persona" Leonardo Dicaprio personality is heart throb, he is stereotypically a handsome man with blonde hair and blue eyes, which will intrigue a younger audience. Also travelling is a huge part of a Urban Ventures lifestyle as a majority of teenagers dream to travel and adventure is involved in the film Titanic. For a Urban Venture it links to Denis McQuail (1972) theory of escapism, as they get away from the real world, as teenagers face pressure in this modern world for example exams, being stereotyped and judged, so watching this film allows them to break away from it. Hobbies that are connoted though Titanic that would reflect on a Urban Venture audience is Jacks hobby of art, as this audience will be in education having the ability to study art, creating a hobby. Titanic would also intrigue Nest Builders as there is action involved in the film for example Cal (antagonist) tries to kill Jack out of jealousy as well the Titanic ship is sinking which involves a lot of special effects and technology interesting Nest Builders. Nest builders relate to demanding lifestyle such as starting families, careers and new homes. As nest builders will be very busy, due to the fact they will be starting new careers and families, watching Titanic also gives them escapism as they can relax whilst watching the film; However it also links to another part of Denis McQuail theory of building relationship as the action used in Titanic creates spectacle making a talking point between the nest builders.  

Spending Power

 Titanic falls in the National Readership survey social grade of spending power ABC1.CGI is used in Titanic to create the illusion and reality of the ship sinking in the Atlantic ocean. For example the denotations of this scene is where the Titanic has hit the ice burg and is breaking in half. This links to Denis McQuail theory of building relationships as this certain part of Titanic creates talking parts as it is spectacle allowing people to interact with each other. As CGI is used it makes the film more expensive and higher quality, linking to he social grade of spending power is ABC1, can afford a variety of merchandises such as blue rays and DVD's, as well as watching new films in the Cinemas. As well my audience would be able to go on holidays such as cruises like Titanic, and travelling as they have a lot of disposable cash to spend it on luxuries stuff. As Titanic is based on a true story and has a historical background, my audience will be able to afford going to museums learning in depth more about the history of Titanic. Linking to a cast member Roses mother she is very interested in her appearance such as make up, clothing and jewellery, for a women as well as a man due to the highly paid jobs they have the high income they earn will allow them to buy these merchandises linking them with characters within the film. Fine dining is used in the film for the higher class citizens, which will be relatable to some people in the audience as their disposable cash will allow them to eat in fancy restaurants with expensive drinks and food.

I know that was a lot to take in, but its all very interesting and informative! Join me in my next video where I will be talking about the Distribution and Marketing of Titanic. See you soon.



Mise-en-scene feedback sheet

LO1, Task 2: Analysis of Titanic

Introduction:
Hi guys It's Lauren. I'm back from Education Wise with Lesson 2 analysis of a 20th |Century Fox film. I have chosen to analysis the film Titanic which is a hybrid of romance, adventure and action. We will be looking at the purpose, form, genre, style, content and meaning, Mise en scene, camera work, camera editing and production process. Yeah I know a lot to take in; however it wont be boring as we will also be looking a theory's and why certain things were done to create spectacle.


Purpose:

The purpose of Titanic is to entertain their audience. This film has special effects included in, such as \CGI. It is targeted at a mass audience internationally, this means it reaches out to America and Europe. Its overall purpose for this film is to make a profit, as it is a commercial film for 20th Century Fox, which is a conglomerate.

Form:
I am analysing a feature film as it runs for 194 minutes.
It has been distributed through DVD/Blur Ray, streamed through Sky, cinema, streamed through, pirate websites (illegal), app store, Google play download films onto Devices and TV. The reason why Titanic was distributed through so many platforms was so that it could reach out to a wider audience.

Genre:

There is a mix of genres in the film Titanic, this is called a hybrid. Titanic genres include; drama, romance, historical, action and classical. Barry Keith Grant (1995) talked about films having sub-genres Titanic includes sub-genres, such as action romance and classical romance. It fits in with Kate Domaille's (2010) narrative type- Romeo and Juliet as it is a deep love story.


Style:
The style of Titanic is Old-fashioned. Titanic has high production values to make it look expensive so that is fits in with the style verisimilitude for when it was set (1912). There is a juxtaposition to how higher class and lower class people wear and look like to reinforce stereotypes.

Content and meaning:

Narrative
The narrative of Titanic is an epic action romance film. It fits in with theory of Kate domaille's narrative type- Romeo and Juliet as it is a deep love story. There is a lot of binary opposition throughout the film to reinforce how stereotypically men were more dominant over women, higher class citizens had more power over lower class, as well as older age people could control the younger generation. Jack who is a lower class citizen who won his ticket on Titanic in a lucky hand in polka falls in love with a engaged higher citizen women Rose who is forced to marry the antagonist Cal for more wealth. Jack challenges the stereotypes in this film as he strongly tires to win Rose, which he does. However with Cal's jealous he frames Jack as a robber, which Rose is manipulated to believe. At this part the ship is sinking and Jack is locked on a lower deck. Higher class women are helped onto life boats whilst lower class citizens are stuck beneath the decks waiting for their turn. Rose eventually figures out Jacks plan and saves him. Rose is taken to a life boat; however jumps off as she wants to be with Jack, which makes Cal try to kill them both. Cal fails at this and gives up on trying to get his fiancé back and gets onto a life boat with a child he pretends is his. Titanic sinks and lower class citizens are left to freeze in the Atlantic oceans, which connotes their lower rank society; however some lifeboats come back and luckily Rose is alive and survives the tragedy. She starts a new life without Cal and her family, but with Jack always in her memories.



Titanic fits in with Todorov theory of structure. Equilibrium- Titanic sets of safely, passengers are secure on the ship, everything's calm and balanced. Disequilibrium is where Rose is wanting to kill herself due to her society class, Jack and Rose fall in love; however this is forborne as they are in a different class, plus Rose is engaged. Titanic hits an ice burg which makes it sink, killing a mass of people. Roses fiancé tries to kill jack, however fails at this. Jack, Rose and a mass of people (lower class) are left to freeze in the Atlantic water. The new equilibrium is that Rose has survived the disaster and makes a new start in life with Jack always in her memories.


Diegetic

In the film Titanic there is a lot of dialogue used which is natural so we know that this is diegetic sound, as the audience and characters can hear this. This diegetic sound will have been planned in pre-production and planned in production. A famous line from Titanic which is foreshadowed throughout the film is "I've got you, I won't let you go". The denotation of this scene is Jack holding onto Rose, as she is hanging of the ship to commit, trying to save her. The connotations of this are love, strength and trust, which is an important part in Titanic. This links to the narrative/genre of romance as it is constantly reinforcing the connection Jack and Rose has. Another significant line in Titanic is  "I figure life's a girt and I don’t intend on wasting it, you never know what hand you're going to get dealt next, you'll learn to take life as it comes at you, to make each day count".  The denotations of this scene was Jack living the higher class life, dining with “fine” people; however he stated and showed to the “fine” people how he was totally fine being a lower class citizen. Proudness, dignity and courage were connoted in this scene. This particular line actually fits in well with Claude Levi Shaw's theory of binary opposition, higher class vs lower class. The dominant characters in this part are the higher class citizens as they have "power" over Jack, so Jack is subordinate; however Rose is also a subordinate character as she is being forced to marry Cal. This reinforce how men were stereotypically more dominant than women. Titanic includes a sound bridge, to make the transition more natural. It started as non-diegetic and became diegetic, it denotations were classical music being played in a very posh restaurant to make the film verisimilitude for when it was set. The sound track connotes elegance, calm and movement.

Non-diegetic

Mainly the non-diegetic sound in Titanic is usually the incidental music "My Heart Will Go On". The denotations of this track is that it has a very slow/steady tempo; however it gradually becomes
and faster to connote that its slow to fall in love, but then comes all at once. It also connotes, love, emotions and connection, which represents Jack and Rose in the film. This reinforces the narrative of Titanic as it connotes the connection and love between the two. Another non-diegetic sound featured in Titanic is incidental music, it is denoted in the scene where Rose is forbidden to see Jack by her mother and it later becomes diegetic to make the editing invisible. It connotes thoughts, feelings and determination, due to the context it is in. The thoughts Rose will be having is her role in society and why she is being forced to marry a rich men. The effect this has on the audience is that we are shown women's role in that era. Another example of non-diegetic sound is incidental music. The denotations is where the ship hits the Ice age, it connotes danger, panic and chaos. This part of titanic emphasises the disequilibrium of the film. The effect this has on the audience is that is the we are almost scared and panicky with the actors, making us feel involved.

Mise-en-scene:

Location
Titanic is set in the 1912, so the setting is very elegant and high standards to create verisimilitude. The ship is split into two to show the binary oppositions of dominant and subordinate, which is Claude Levi Shass (1969) theory. Titanic significant locations are mainly on the ship, although there are scenes filmed in England and America. The two most important areas on the ship is the higher class (top deck) and lower class (bottom deck) as this is where you see the differences between characters and setting. The denotations for the higher-class level is a extravagant hall, elegant and sophisticated ballroom/ restaurant, king size rooms flooded with expensive and high quality decorations. The connotations of this are wealth, elegance, power and sustainability. In contrast to this the lower class level restaurant is very blandly decorated; however in scenes the lower class passengers improvise with their areas, making it fun and vibrant.

Costume 
Titanic use costume to show the binary opposition of higher-class vs lower class. The denotations of higher class for women is always extravagant dresses flooded in expensive jewellery; this signifies wealth, power and glamour. This was important to show that higher class women dressed like this as it juxtaposes with the lower class people, effecting the audience as we know what there personalities would be like. For men the denotations of their costumes would be suit and ties, cane, too hot and a cigar, the connotations of this also showed wealth, power, snobbish and unwilling. For lower class passengers their costumes were the complete opposite, the denotations of this was scruffy shirts and knee high trousers, rolled up soaks with low quality shoes, cigarrates and braces. Their costumes connoted poor, unhygienic and plain lives. Lower class women would were light dresses very plain to connote lack of quality and poor. The antagonist Cal is always wearing a tuxedo to connote how powerful and wealthy he is, also it reflects stereotypes of shift upper lip due to restricted costumes. 

Props 
The main character Rose has a very important prop with her which is carried and foreshadowed thought the film. The denotation of this prop is a crystal diamond necklace with a deep blue Sofia gem in the middle. The connotations of this is glamour's, wealth and love; however the antagonist Carl who gave Rose this necklace wasn't in the intension for love but more possession, control and dominance. This shows stereotypes of how males were dominant over women. Jack also has a significant prop, which is the art book he holds, as he is lower class he has a very high standard of work that is often associated with artist in the era this was in. This challenges stereotypes of his class as it connotes high culture due to art. The connotation of this is passion, ambition and creativity. These two props are very important in Titanic as the denotations of one scene is where Jack draws Rose only wearing the necklace and it is seen as a treasure of memories to the old woman narrating the film. This would fit into “The Male Gaze” as men would be attracted to this film as Rose is naked in this scene; however Roses intentions in this scene are to be sexy as she's loves Jack. 

Lighting
Lighting in Titanic uses light to connote the mood changes in scenes. When Rose first met Jack the denotations of the light was a soft yellow, this signified high culture and extravagant to the scene. There is always a contrast in lighting between the upper level and the lower level. The upper level has high key lighting, which makes the audience feel wealthy and alive. Where as the lower level has is natural lighting, which conveys the working environment of the lower class’s. 

At the disequilibrium part of Titanic (Todorov), which is when the Titanic hits the ice berg low-key lighting, is mainly used to connote death and fear. The denotations of this scene is the RMS Titanic sinking being destroyed and people trying to survive. As this is happening at midnight and the Titanic is a beautiful magnificent ship it shows juxtaposition as it was seen as the "unsinkable" ship. 

Overall lighting is used to create and show meaning throughout Titanic. It has effects on audience on how to feel about certain characters as well as the role in women which links to opposition dominant  vs subordinate theory.

Camera Work:  
A significant scene in Titanic, which uses a lot of different camera techniques is where the ship hits an Ice berg. This part of the film Titanic is the disequilibrium. The denotations of this is a medium close up shot is used on the chief captain to connote fear and panic. The effect this has on the audience is that we feel involved. The movement used in this shot is a slow zoom in, slight low angle, onto his face to really emphasises the fear in his expression, which moves into a close up shot. The focus in this shot is shallow depth of field which connotes importance; it links with Claude Shass theory of binary opposition as it reinforces his role on the  ship, also it reinforces stereotypes of men, as in the time Titanic was set there wouldn't be any females working along side with the captain. An alternative interpretation to why all of these camera skills were used in this clip is to connote guilt and culpable, as he feels like he's let the crew and passengers down. High angles and low angle camera work is denoted to signify the binary opposition of society status. A low medium shot angle is used when we are seeing the antagonist Cal, to connote power, dominance and wealth. Where as the camera work used on Jack (sub) is a high medium shot angle to connote vulnerability and  lower status. It creates a spectacle element to the film as to the audience we see a show down between the two characters. A establishing dutch angle shot is used when the ship Titanic is sinking in the Atlantic ocean. The connotations of this is unsteadiness, disorientation and instability, which adds action and spectacle to the film. The effect this has on the audience is that they feel fear and discomfit with the instability of the camera angle. It really emphasise the disequilibrium of Titanic. The camera movement panning is used to connote movement, fear and concern. The denotations of the scene is crew workers and passengers running to life boats trying to save life's. The effect this has on the audience is that it creates spectacle. A very significant part which almost challengers gender role is that higher women class and women with children were put onto lives boats before the men. The effect this has on the audience is that it creates spectacle. A very significant part which almost challenges gender role is that higher class women and women were put onto the life boats before men.

Editing:
Shot reverse shot structure is denoted in Titanic quite frequently; however a significant part where this edit is used, which links to binary opposition men vs women is when the antagonist Cal is  speaking to Rose the submissive. A high angle and medium close up shot is used when we see Rose, as this connotes her role in society and powerless. On the other hand when the shot cuts to Cal a low angle medium close up is used to represents and connote his power, dominance and strength. This links in to the theory of binary opposition as it reinforces how stereotypically men are more dominant than women in the time the film was set in. Another use of editing used in Titanic is insert shot used on Roses necklace in a close up shot to connote importance and possession. The iconography is very important here as the necklace isn't given to Rose by Cal throughout love but it done throughout control, linking to how a stereotypical rich man would act towards their fiancé in that era. The focus on the necklace is shallow depth of filed to signify dominance and importance. The effect this has an the audience is that we are shown the difference between men and women in that era as well as social class. Titanic uses the edit eye line match, the denotations of this is where Jack has finished drawing Rose and she finally gets to see the drawing. There is a medium shot used when Rose is looking at the drawing. The effect this has on the audience is that we get to see Roses expressions, which connote love and happiness. It then shows the audience what the drawing looks like, which is effective on the audience as we get to be involved in the film as it is almost like we are looking through Roses perceptive. In a way this links to Carl Rodgers 1980 theory on Ideal partners as because of Jack kind gestures and love for Rose makes us want to be with him.

Production Process:

Pre production

Pre production is the planning of Titanic preparing and finalising what will be featured in production. An example of this was script writing for the crew, this included dialogue for the actors, lots of drafts scripts and blocking on stage. Costume fitting was also processed in pre production, this was making sure that costumes were designed in the era Titanic was set as it needed to fit stereotypically to how higher class citizens would wear to what lower class people would wear.

Production

Production would be the process of filming scenes, shooting script and on set effects. When rehearsals would start the camera men would get a shooting script for which parts should be in certain frames, so that it is easy to edit when coming to post production. In the film Titanic they built only half the ship, on set effects were filmed in Titanic such as when the ship hit the ice burgs; however this was also done in post production to make it look realistic.

Post production

CGI was used in post production as they only built half the ship so when we see wide shots of the ship this would've been done by CGI. This helped create the illusion of the ship. Special effects were added in post production, such as digital water and smoke to create the diegies of being in the Atlantic sea. Editing shots such as shot reverse shot structure, eyeline match and insert shots were edited into the film Titanic in post production to create spectacle.

MTG

My MTG for CDM is merit 


LO1 Century Fox Pass- achieved a pass
LO2 Analysis Distinction- achieved a distinction 
LO3 Audience Profile Distinction- achieved a ?
LO4 Distribution Pass- achieved a pass
LO5 Legal and ethical Merit- achieved a ?

Overall I am hoping for a distinction

Peer assessed starter task!

Student Name: Lauren Baxter       

Assessors Name: Bradley Webster

1). A diegetic sound is natural sound that has been made naturally. An example of this is dialogue when we speak. Correct - The characters and the audience can hear this. Sound effects are also an example of a diegetic sound. The story world is called the Diegesis – Find examples of significant dialogue to analyse for your chosen film. Foley sounds – Post Production.

2). Non-diegetic sound is sound that has been added, an example of this a soundtrack that could have been added onto the film, this comes under post production process in the filming industry. Correct – Only the audience can hear non-diegetic sounds. Incidental music – very good at building tension and atmosphere and influences the emotions of the film. Part of the production stage because the sounds need to be recorded, it’s also a part of pre-production because the sounds need to be planned and the composer needs to be found.

3). Denotation is where you describe something, for example an image. Connotation is what the image suggests or signifies, depending on the context of it.  Correct – Relevant to the theme of the film.

4). Laura talked about “The Male Gaze” which is how women are presented to men. An example I have seen of this is in films where women are dressed sexy to make it appealing to men. Correct – Laura Mulvey (1975) – How women are objectified as sex objects e.g. Megan Fox in Transformers. The male gaze perceives women as being subordinate. Women can use this for their advantage, manipulating men and making the women dominant.  

Life on Mars task

Non Diegetic sounds:
Sound track "Life on Mars"- David Bowie
Sirens
Voice over
Heart rate monitor
crashing sound
These sound effects are reinforcing the enigma

Adobe Audition work sheet

1. I have learnt today how to import audio into Audio Audition. I was able to highlight certain sections of my audio and edited them separately. 
2. I learnt how to manipulate my audio, such as increasing and decreasing the volume with out effecting the quality. 
3. I learnt the difference between Waveform and Multitask. Waveform is where you edit audio and multitask is where you arrange your audio, meaning you can edit with 3 different sounds at the same time. 

Evaluation of voice recording

Learnt:
I really enjoyed todays recording session. I learnt some useful skills on how to record successfully, such as figuring out how the microphones should be positioned to get certain surrounding in your recording or out. I also learnt to press the recording button twice or it to actually record.

What I found hard:
At first I found it hard to speak into the microphone with out it being to loud and a low quality. However I soon figured out that I was speaking to close into the microphone, so I moved it away from me so that I was clearly and it had better quality

What I found easy:
I found it easy to play back my recording and to listen to it after. I also found it easy to fast forward and rewind my recording to listen to certain parts of my recording.

Voice Recorders

Premiere introduction work sheet

Premiere Video

LO1 Task 2 Notes

The film I have chosen to analyse is Titanic



Purpose:

The purpose of Titanic is to entertain their audience. This film has special effects included in, such as special effects. It is targeted at a mass audience internationally, this means it reaches out to America, Europe and. Its overall purpose for this film is to make a profit, as it is a commercial film for 20th Century Fox, which is a conglomerate.

Genre:

There is a mix of genres in the film Titanic, this is called a hybrid. Titanic genres include; drama, romance, historical, action and classical. Titanic also includes sub-genres, such as action romance and classical romance. It fits in with Kate domaille's narrative type- Romeo and Juliet as it is a deep love story.

Form:
I am analysing a feature film as it runs for 194 minutes.
It has been distributed through DVD/Blur-ray, streamed through Sky, cinema, streamed through Netflix's, pirate websites (illegal), app store, google play download films onto Devices and TV.

Style:
The style of Titanic is Old-fashioned. Titanic has high production values to make it look expensive so that is fits in with the style verisimilitude for when it was set (1912). The mise-en-scene in titanic the RMS ship is split into class (society). The lower level is clearly used by the lower class guests. It is smaller and more enclosed. On the other hand the upper levels was very grand with expensive taste, this obviously shows it was made for the upperclass.

Content/meaning


Titanic fits in with Todorov theory of structure. Equilibrium- Titanic sets of safely, passengers are secure on the ship, everything's calm and balanced. Disequilibrium is where Rose is wanting to kill herself due to her society class, Jack and Rose fall in love; however this is forborne as they are in a different class, plus Rose is engaged. Titanic hits an ice burg which makes it sink, killing a mass of people. Roses fiance tries to kill jack, however fails at this. Jack, Rose and a mass of people (lower class) are left to freeze in the atlantic water. The new equilibrium is that Rose has survived the disaster and makes a new start in life with Jack always in her memories.


Narrative/structure
Todorov (1997)- order of events (Key Stages) five key stages in a story/narrative. Main three stages;
Equilibrium- balance
Disruption/ disequilibrium- imbalance enigma (problem)
New equilibrium/resolution- solving of the enigma
However the formula is interchangeable, as you can start on a disequilibrium and have the enigma resolved.

Titanic has elements of Cande Louis

Cande Louis
one is always seen as subordinate and one is always the dominant- challenge
"Binary opposition"- gender male vs female- stereotypically male is always dominant
Class/ social status- rich vs poor (upper class vs lower class)
age- young vs old

Micro elements
- sound- diegesis is the story world'/ world of the narrative. How real the diegesis appears is linked to the level of Verisimilitude (which means the appearance of being real)'.
Diegetic- sound you can see being made natural to the story world- 2 people can hear it audience and
characters
Incidental music- music that reflects the mood of the scene/ conditioning emotions. Need to describe the pace and tempo/ denote it.
Non-diegetic sound effects-
Sound tracks-
Non diegetic- added in editing, put in for the audience- 1 can hear it (audience)
Dialogue- important phase - reinforce the genre of the film
Sound effects- sample of sounds that reinforces an action significant sound effects link it back to the audience
- Mise en scene
- Camera Work- Detonated/ denoted- what are the connotations
- Editing
Denotations is what you describe what you see and hear
connotations is how thing are represented/meaning/how it relates to your audience

The denotation of this image is a red heart
The image denotes a red heart
In this image a red heart can be denoted
Therefore this denotations connotes love
connotations can be linked to the narrative/genre/ representation to your film
Laura Mulvey 1975 said   "The male gaze" female representations in order to attract a male audience
women objectivised as Sex objective subordinate
Antagonist and Protagonist- lead role/hero
TITANIC- follows this structure



Diegetic

In the film Titanic there is a lot of dialogue used which is natural so we know that this is diegetic sound, as the audience and characters can here this. This diegetic sound will have been processed in pre-production as well as production. A famous line from titanic which is foreshadowed throughout the film is "I've got you, I won't let you go". The denotation of this scene is Jack holding onto Rose, as she is hanging of the ship to commit, trying to save her. The connotations of this are love, strength and trust, which is an important part in Titanic. Another significant line in Titanic is  "I figure life's a girt and I don’t intend on wasting it, you never know what hand you're going to get dealt next, you'll learn to take life as it comes at you, to make each day count".  The denotations of this scene was Jack living the higher class life, dining with “fine” people; however he stated and showed to the “fine” people how he was totally fine being a lower class citizen. Proudness, dignity and courage were connoted in this scene. This particular line actually fits in well with Cande theory of binary opposition, higher class vs lower class. Titanic includes a sound bridge, to make the transition more natural. It started as non-diegetic and became diegetic, it denotations were classical music being played in a very posh restaurant to make the film verisimilitude for when it was set. The sound track connotes elegance, calm and movement.



Non-diegetic

Mainly the non-diegetic sound in Titanic is usually the sound track "My Heart Will Go On". The denotations of this track is that it has a very slow/steady tempo; however it gradually becomes stronger and faster to connote that its slow to fall in love, but then comes all at once. It also connotes, love, emotions and connection. Another non-diegetic sound featured in Titanic is incidental music, it is denoted in the scene where Rose is forbidden to see jack by her mother and it later becomes diegetic to make the editing invisible. It connotes thoughts, feelings and determination, due to the context it is in. Another example of non-diegetic sound is incidental music. The denotations is where the ship hits the Ice age, it connotes danger, panic and chaos.

Mise-en-scene

Horror film:  Low key lighting, blood, jump scares
Indie Music video- black and white filter, instruments, cheap special effects
One micro elements that is encoded to create meaning/representation (stereotypes) in music videos/film trailers is MISE EN SCENE- encoded--- put there on purpose

1. Location-  link to how they reinforce your genre / representation
2. costume/make up   link to how they reinforce your genre / representation  
3. Props   link to how they reinforce your genre / representations
4. Colours/lighting   link to how they reinforce your genre / representations
5. Gestures   link to how they reinforce your genre/ representations

Location are encoded to create verisimilitude/be aspirational to the audience.
2 important locations, as always denoted and connoted, why is that location significant
Costume- reflects the diegesis, creates representation- binary opposition, how does the costumes reflect the target audience
Props-  property is anything that is handheld. Significant props; iconography, the necklace, art book pencil, iconography are items that create stereotypical representations that become well known and recognised. This can create ideologies.
Colours/lighting-  colours are encoded to connote moods/ emotions. There are two types  of lighting that are used to reinforce genre styles/ emotions/ verisimilitude for the audience:
Low key lighting- dark  High key/natural lighting- bright.
Low key lighting is encoded when the scene/location has shadow and low light. What are the connotations/representations that are created using this type of lighting?
High key lighting is encoded when the scene/location is bright and well fit.
What are the connotations/representations that are created using this type of lighting?
Gestures- Body language,

This is England
Almost has mix of well dressed to trampy. Unique styles. Different costumes to show different classes- to show division

Locations and iconography (2-3) examples
Characters and acting gesture (protagonist antagonist)
Costume and Make up (protagonist v antagonist)
Props (2-3 significant props)
Lighting and Colour (high key or low key examples)


Production process:
                km
-pre production- planning
- production-
- post- production


Diegetic- "I've got you, I wont let go"
"I figure life's a girt and I don't intend on wasting it, you never know what hand you're going to get dealt next, you'll learn to take life as it comes at you, to make each day count"
"you'll require me a way a wife is suppose to require me"



None diegetic
Soundtrack-



Diegetic

In the film Titanic there is a lot of dialogue used which is natural so we know that this is diegetic sound, as the audience and characters can here this. This diegetic sound will have been processed in pre-production as well as production. A famous line from titanic which is foreshadowed throughout the film is "I've got you, I won't let you go". The denotation of this scene is Jack holding onto Rose, as she is hanging of the ship to commit, trying to save her. The connotations of this are love, strength and trust, which is an important part in Titanic. The effect this has on the audience is that we feel that we are in the moment of Jack and Roses romance. Another significant line in Titanic is  "I figure life's a girt and I don’t intend on wasting it, you never know what hand you're going to get dealt next, you'll learn to take life as it comes at you, to make each day count".  The denotations of this scene was Jack living the higher class life, dining with “fine” people; however he stated and showed to the “fine” people how he was totally fine being a lower class citizen. Proudness, dignity and courage were connoted in this scene. This particular line actually fits in well with Claude Levi Shawls (1969) theory of binary opposition, higher class vs lower class. Titanic includes a sound bridge, to make the transition more natural. It started as non-diegetic and became diegetic, it denotations were classical music being played in a very posh restaurant to make the film verisimilitude for when it was set. The sound track connotes elegance, calm and movement. 

Non-diegetic

Mainly the non-diegetic sound in Titanic is usually the incidental music "My Heart Will Go On". The denotations of this track is that it has a very slow/steady tempo; however it gradually becomes stronger and faster to connote that its slow to fall in love, but then comes all at once. It also connotes, love, emotions and connection. Another non-diegetic sound featured in Titanic is incidental music, it is denoted in the scene where Rose is forbidden to see jack by her mother and it later becomes diegetic to make the editing invisible. It connotes thoughts of feminism, feelings and determination, due to the context it is in. Another example of non-diegetic sound is incidental music. The denotations is where the ship hits the Ice age, it connotes danger, panic and chaos. This part of Titanic fits in with Todorov theory about the order of events, disequilibrium. The effect it has on the audience is that

Target Sheet

3 Thing I learned today

Five things I learnt in Fridays Lesson using Adobe Premiere are:

1. First I learnt about the timeline on Premiere. This is where you can control which parts are shown in your video. As well as it enables you to edit video and audio, such as insert transitions and colour.
2. I also found out how to cut the video into separate parts by using the razor tool. This allows you to edit each scene individually.
3. After learning this skill I was able to go even further with editing my separate scenes and I had the ability to add a title on to one of the scenes. By clicking the editing tab on the top of premiere I could select at text box and change the font of my writing and have a title on my video.

Peer Assessment

Peer Assessment for my LO1 task 1 for my script so far

Assessors name is Jai 

Key terms that i will make sure my partner has in her script are

• Cross media ownership 
• Synergy *
• Conglomerate *
• Subsidiaries *
• film production cycle*
• PDE *    
• audience*
• film production process*
• Vertical intergration and horizontal*
• joint venture*                                                                                                                                                   yes they do have all five heading however market position needs to be completed.

Competitors

Competitors-
Rivals
Enemies
Match
Controversy
opposition

opponent
adversaries
competition
Standings
challenger

Market Position LO1

Market Position LO1

Market Position means how successful the company is in their field.

When researching about my chosen company to evidence their market position, I could search for these 3 things:

• ratings on products
• Gross Profit Margin ( Latest film made, most successful product made)
• Success of subsidiaries
• Shares
• How much products are bought
• Marketing and advertising
• Shares and Influences
• Revenue of the company
• Specialised
• Nationally/ internationally
• Difference

Why can 20th century make there films international?

Lesson 2

Lesson 2 Starter

I got 6/10 on todays lesson starter!

LO1- Task 1: Ownership of 21st Century Fox

Owner Ship script

Hey guys, my names Lauren Baxter and I work for a company called Education Wise. You lucky people have got me to inform and teach you about the wonderful aspects of media! We are going to be studying about the global American film studio 20th Century Fox, owned by Rupert Murdoch. You will be very familiar with films made by this company such as, the first two Star wars, Titanic and Fault In Our Stars. 20th Century Fox is a commercial company, meaning they make products for money.


20th Century Fox is owned by Rupert Murdoch, as well as him owning News cooperation, this is an example of cross media ownership. 20th Century Fox is a conglomerate; this is a company that is run by other/smaller companies which are called subsidiaries. The opposite of a conglomerate is an independent company. Warp is an Independent company. This basically means that the company works for themselves. 20th Century's Fox subsidiaries include, Fox Home Entertainment, 20th Century Fox TV and 20th Century Fox Pictures. Think of it as a terry's chocolate orange, its a huge orange made it up of other pieces, plus there not all the same size! The structure of 20th Century Fox, is done by the subsidiaries. 20th Century fox will produce and create the film, Film Production cycle and Film Process Cycle and then the subsidiaries will distribute the media product helping to promote it. Cross media ownership is the ownership of multiple media businesses by a person or a corporation. 20th Century Fox own a film production company and a Television company (20th Century Fox Television). There are other media companies that have cross media ownership, for example BBC. BBC work with a lot of media platforms such as Radio, TV and online. BBC are a public service broadcaster. This means that they are funded by the public and are TV license fees. This is very important to independent companies such as Warp as this means they can distribute their products through BBC. This is an example of Joint venture, which basically means two companies that are not owned together/part of the same company.

Operating Models  

There are two types of integration, vertical and horizontal. Horizontal integration is where a company works together to cross promote a product. The effect of this is called synergy. If you don't know what synergy means its basically the combined working together of two or more parts of a system so that the combined effect is greater than the sum of the efforts of the parts. Right now some more useful key terms for you to use! Affiliate is a company that isn't owned by the company but works beside them. An example of this is Dream Works and 20th Century Fox. Joint Venture is two companies that are not owned together/part of the same company. An example of this would be Warp and Film 4.

For a media product to work efficiently and get to an audience successfully it needs to follow these steps, which is called PDE. First of all production, which is the making of the project. Then distribution, this means making it available / marketing and advertising. When distributing a media product the subsidiaries are needed, as the product will need to be promoted to an audience by numerous ways. For example, gaming, magazine, newspaper, TV, cinema and Radio. In a conglomerate company the subsidiaries that work for them will be specialised in those areas of work, so that they can promote the product. The last step for the media product to be successful is exchange, which is audience consumption. Now Vertical integration is the ability for a company to control, distribution and exchange of its products, examples of this include 20th Century Fox and Sony which are both conglomerate companies. Film Production Cycle is ways in which the company controls the three main stages of the film production process through having complete control over PDE. You first start with Pre-production; this is organising/planning, cast, location scouting, script writing props, budgets, set design and directors. Then production which is the making of the media product, recording scenes, acting, dress fitting, make up, lighting, sound, on set effects (Pyrotechnics) and prosthetic. Finally onto editing/finalizing, creating trailer, editing scenes, CGI (Computer generated imagery), Chroma key, composing, audio editing, special effects and music effects.

Products

The term production means what the company produces. 20th Century Fox is a subsidiary of 21st Century Fox, which owns, Sky, radio, Fox News and Star. 20th Century Fox own many subsidiaries on different media platforms such as, 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment, 20th Century Fox Television, Blue Sky's Studio, Fox Home and DVD/Blu-Ray. So this should explain to you that 20th Century Fox owns a lot of media platform, making it easier for them to promote their media products. 20th Century Fox have produced very successful films such as Planet of the Apes, Ice Age and Taken.  Also many TV series you may be familiar with such as, The Simpsons, Futurarma, New Girl and How I met your mother. 20th Century Fox target audience is international meaning its or mainstreamers and mass. However the type of genre they include in films and TV series can be aimed to children and families gives them a wider audience, making the company more successful.

 

Market Position

20th Century Fox is obviously a successful company, there's no doubt about that. However, we need to find ways to prove that 20th century fox is a successful company. One way we can do this is by researching Gross profit margin. This means how much money the company makes on products. One of 20th Century Fox most successful film was Avatar, which cost a whopping $760,507625, however made $2,787,965,087. Another very successful film produced by 20th Century Fox is Star Wars: Episode 1- The Phantom Menace. This film cost $474, 544, 677 and made $1,027, 044, 677. TV series that 20th Century Fox have been successful include Modern Family, which has 11.91 million views in 2014. Another way to found out if your company is successful is to look at how successful the company’s subsidiaries are. Now 20th Century Fox has a lot of subsidiaries, which are used as vertical integration so that they can promote and distribute their products. 20th Century Fox subsidiaries are very successful at what they do, as they successfully distribute products made by 20th Century. One of 21st Century Fox subsidiaries, Sky, is a very successful TV broadcast as it is Europe's leading entertainment company. 20th Century Fox are successful internationally; they have the ability to distribute their media products across the world, creating a bigger audience range for themselves.

Competitors

20th Century Fox main competitors are The Walt Disney, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. and Columbia TriStar Motion Picture Group. 21st Century Fox stands out from their competitors because of their highly successful gross profit margin; however there competitors share similar audience profiles and genres of products which make it harder to compete with.


The Walt Disney

Walt Disney Company is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment and conglomerate headquarters. It is very successful in what media products they produce such as film, TV series, Music, radio and even has theme parks in Florida, California and Paris. It is the world’s 2nd largest broadcasting and Cable Company, in terms of revenue. Walt Disney is very similar to 20th Century Fox in terms of the media products produce by the two. They are both internationally successful and have the same target audience, mass. By these two companies having the same audience makes them rivals, as well as producing the same media products. Walt Disney is best known for their themes parks, memorable characters and animation that they produce, this is why Walt Disney is so successful. Whereas 20th Century Fox are more specialised in action films, such as taken, which helps to give 20th Century Fox a wider audience. Both Disney and 20th Century fox have many successful subsidiaries. The Walt Disney's subsidiaries are, Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Pictures, Pixar, Marvel Studios, Radio Disney, The Muppets Studios and Walt Disney Theatrical.

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc.


Metro-Goldwyn is an American media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution, of feature films and television programmes. Metro-Goldwyn have 2 subsidiaries, United Artists Media Group, Orion Pictures. In a way you could say that 20th century Fox is more successful with the amount of Subsidiaries they own, as this means they can distribute their media products more efficiently. Successful media products Metro-Goldwyn include James Bonds movies, The Hobbit, Wizard of Oz and 21 Jump Street. The mascot Leo the Lion helps to make the company memorable. However Skyfall is now owned by Sony.


Columbia TriStar Motion Picture Group


Columbia TriStar Motion Pictures Group is an American film production company. It is owned by a conglomerate company called Sony, as well as wing joint ventures together. Columbia has produced films such as Spider man 1, 2, 3, 22 Jump Street, Grownups and Hancock. Columbia is owned by Sony and is a subsidiary of the Japanese conglomerate Sony. Columbia and Metro-Goldwyn joint together and collaborated to produce the film Skyfall.